Global equity markets rose as investors adopted a more optimistic year-end outlook, supported by expectations of resilient U.S. economic growth and easing financial conditions. Equity indices across Asia and Europe advanced, reflecting improved sentiment despite lingering geopolitical and policy uncertainties.

Attention in currency markets centred on the Japanese yen, which strengthened modestly after a period of weakness. Japanese officials reiterated their readiness to act against excessive currency movements, keeping the prospect of intervention firmly on investors’ radar. While volatility remains contained, the episode highlights the ongoing sensitivity of foreign-exchange markets to policy signals.

In the commodities market, precious metals continued to attract interest, with gold and silver trading near record levels as investors maintained a degree of portfolio hedging. Oil prices edged lower after recent gains, reflecting a more balanced supply outlook.

Elsewhere, the U.S. dollar softened slightly against major currencies, while the euro and sterling posted moderate gains. Chinese equities also advanced after authorities outlined further measures aimed at supporting urban development and stabilising the property sector.